Types of Rubber and Caoutchouc: Classification of Elastomers
Although the word "rubber" is a general term, there are actually dozens of different types of caoutchouc and elastomer. Each has its own chemical composition, strengths and ideal field of application. In this article we review the basic classification of rubber types and where they are used.
Two large groups: natural and synthetic
All rubbers are divided into two main groups according to their origin:
- Natural rubber (NR) — obtained from the sap (latex) of the hevea tree. It has high elasticity and mechanical strength, but is weak against oil, ozone and high temperature.
- Synthetic rubbers — synthesized in laboratory conditions from petrochemical products. They can be adapted to various requirements, which is why they prevail in industry.
The most widespread synthetic elastomers
SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber)
The most produced synthetic rubber. It is abrasion-resistant and affordable; it is widely used in tires and general-purpose products. For details, see the properties of SBR rubber article.
EPDM
It stands out for its resistance to weather, ozone, water and steam. It is ideal for outdoor seals and automobile profiles. In detail: what is EPDM rubber.
NBR (nitrile rubber)
It is known for its oil and fuel resistance; it is indispensable in hydraulics and engine seals. See: NBR oil-resistant rubber.
Silicone and Viton (FKM)
These are designed for special requirements. Silicone works over a wide temperature range and in the food industry, while Viton (FKM) works in extreme heat and aggressive chemical environments.
Neoprene (CR) and polyurethane
Neoprene is a universal material with balanced properties (neoprene CR rubber), while polyurethane stands out for its high abrasion resistance (polyurethane vs rubber comparison).
How to classify correctly
In practice, material selection is based on three criteria: chemical resistance, temperature range and mechanical load. To understand how elastomers work based on these criteria, the what is an elastomer article is a good starting point.
NUR KAUÇUK works with all these types of materials and offers an optimal solution for every application. Review our wide range on the products page or contact us to choose the right material for your project.